Simiaanse immuniteitsgebreksvirus

Simiaanse Immuniteitsgebrekvirus
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Simiaanse Immuniteitsgebrekvirus

Simiaanse Immuniteitsgebrekvirus (SIV) is 'n retrovirus wat ten minste 45 spesies van Afrika se nie-menslike primate kan besmet. Gegrond op die ontleding van die stamme in vier spesies van ape op Bioko-eiland, wat geïsoleer is van die vasteland deur stygende seevlakke ongeveer 11 000 jaar gelede, is tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat SIV teenwoordig was in stertapies en ape vir ten minste 32 000 jaar, en waarskynlik selfs veel langer.[1][2][3][4]

Daar word gemeen dat virusstamme uit twee van hierdie primaatspesies, SIVsmm in roet-mangabies en SIVcpz in sjimpansees oor die spesieversperring gespring het na die mens, wat lei tot onderskeidelik MIV-2 en MIV-1 infeksies. Die mees waarskynlike roete vir die oordrag van MIV-1 na die mens is kontak met die bloed van sjimpansees wat dikwels gejag word vir bosvleis in Afrika.

  1. Peeters, M.; Courgnaud, V.; Abela, B. (2001). "Genetic Diversity of Lentiviruses in Non-Human Primates". AIDS Reviews. 3: 3–10. Besoek op 19 September 2010.[dooie skakel]
  2. Peeters, M.; Courgnaud, V. (2002). Kuiken, C.; Foley, B.; Freed, E. (reds.). Overview of Primate Lentiviruses and their Evolution in Non-human Primates in Africa (PDF). HIV sequence compendium. Los Alamos, NM: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory. pp. 2–23. Besoek op 19 September 2010.
  3. Donald G. McNeil jr. (16 September 2010). "Precursor to H.I.V. was in monkeys for millennia". New York Times. Besoek op 17 September 2010. In a discovery that sheds new light on the history of AIDS, scientists have found evidence that the ancestor to the virus that causes the disease has been in monkeys and apes for at least 32,000 years — not just a few hundred years, as had been previously thought... That means humans have presumably been exposed many times to S.I.V., the simian immunodeficiency virus, because people have been hunting monkeys for millenniums, risking infection every time they butchered one for food.
  4. Worobey, Michael; Telfer, Paul; Souquière, Sandrine; Hunter, Meredith; Coleman, Clint A.; Metzger, Michael J.; Reed, Patricia; Makuwa, Maria; Hearn, Gail (2010). "Island Biogeography Reveals the Deep History of SIV". Science. 329 (5998): 1487. Bibcode:2010Sci...329.1487W. doi:10.1126/science.1193550. PMID 20847261..

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